Bermuda - Exchange of Information and tax enforcement

Bermuda has EOI relations with 85 countries through 45 treaties.

Treaty Type
Sum	45
DTC	4
FATCA	1
Multilateral	1
TIEA	39

Jurisdictions which Bermuda has agreements with
Jurisdiction	Type	Treaty	Signed	Entered into force	Exchange of Information
Albania	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Andorra	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Anguilla	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Antigua and Barbuda	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Argentina	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Argentina	TIEA	TIEA AR BM	Aug. 22, 2011	Oct. 14, 2011	On Request
Aruba	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Aruba	TIEA	TIEA AW BM	Oct. 20, 2009	Dec. 1, 2011	On Request
Australia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Australia	TIEA	TIEA AU BM	Nov. 10, 2005	Sept. 20, 2007	On Request
Austria	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Bahrain	DTC	DTC BH BM	April 22, 2010	Jan. 29, 2012	Uncertain
Barbados	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Belgium	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Belgium	TIEA	TIEA BE BM	April 11, 2013	No	On Request
Belize	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	TIEA	TIEA BM BQ	Sept. 28, 2009	April 8, 2015	On Request
Brazil	TIEA	TIEA BM BR	Oct. 29, 2012	No	On Request
Bulgaria	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Canada	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Canada	TIEA	TIEA BM CA	June 14, 2010	July 1, 2011	On Request
Cayman Islands	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Chile	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
China	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
China	TIEA	TIEA BM CN	Dec. 3, 2010	Nov. 3, 2011	On Request
Colombia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Cook Islands	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Costa Rica	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Croatia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Curaçao	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Curaçao	TIEA	TIEA BM CW	Sept. 28, 2009	April 8, 2015	On Request
Cyprus	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Czech Republic	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Czech Republic	TIEA	TIEA BM CZ	July 28, 2011	March 14, 2012	On Request
Denmark	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Denmark	TIEA	TIEA BM DK	April 16, 2009	Dec. 25, 2009	On Request
Estonia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Faroe Islands	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Faroe Islands	TIEA	TIEA BM FO	April 16, 2009	Sept. 9, 2010	On Request
Finland	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Finland	TIEA	TIEA BM FI	April 16, 2009	Dec. 31, 2009	On Request
France	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
France	TIEA	TIEA BM FR	Oct. 8, 2009	Oct. 28, 2010	On Request
Germany	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Germany	TIEA	TIEA BM DE	Sept. 3, 2009	June 6, 2012	On Request
Ghana	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Gibraltar	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Greece	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Greenland	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Greenland	TIEA	TIEA BM GL	April 16, 2009	March 22, 2012	On Request
Grenada	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Guernsey	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Guernsey	TIEA	TIEA BM GG	Oct. 23, 2013	April 5, 2014	On Request
Hungary	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Iceland	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Iceland	TIEA	TIEA BM IS	April 16, 2009	April 2, 2011	On Request
India	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
India	TIEA	TIEA BM IN	Oct. 7, 2010	Nov. 3, 2010	On Request
Indonesia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Indonesia	TIEA	TIEA BM ID	June 22, 2011	No	On Request
Ireland	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Ireland	TIEA	TIEA BM IE	July 28, 2009	May 11, 2010	On Request
Isle of Man	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Italy	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Italy	TIEA	TIEA BM IT	April 23, 2012	No	On Request
Japan	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Japan	TIEA	TIEA BM JP	Feb. 1, 2010	Aug. 1, 2010	On Request
Jersey	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Latvia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Liechtenstein	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Lithuania	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Luxembourg	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Malaysia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Malaysia	TIEA	TIEA BM MY	April 23, 2012	Dec. 28, 2012	On Request
Malta	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Malta	TIEA	TIEA BM MT	Nov. 24, 2011	Nov. 5, 2012	On Request
Marshall Islands	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Mauritius	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Mexico	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Mexico	TIEA	TIEA BM MX	Sept. 15, 2009	Sept. 9, 2010	On Request
Monaco	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Montserrat	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Netherlands	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Netherlands	TIEA	TIEA BM NL	Sept. 21, 2009	March 24, 2015	On Request
New Zealand	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
New Zealand	TIEA	TIEA BM NZ	April 16, 2009	Dec. 23, 2009	On Request
Niue	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Norway	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Norway	TIEA	TIEA BM NO	April 16, 2009	Jan. 22, 2010	On Request
Poland	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Poland	TIEA	TIEA BM PL	Nov. 25, 2013	March 15, 2015	On Request
Portugal	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Portugal	TIEA	TIEA BM PT	May 10, 2010	April 5, 2011	On Request
Qatar	DTC	DTC BM QA	May 10, 2012	No	Uncertain
Romania	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Saint Lucia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Samoa	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
San Marino	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Seychelles	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Seychelles	DTC	DTC BM SC	June 21, 2012	July 19, 2013	Uncertain
Singapore	TIEA	TIEA BM SG	Oct. 29, 2012	Dec. 6, 2012	On Request
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	TIEA	TIEA BM SX	Sept. 28, 2009	April 8, 2015	On Request
Slovakia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Slovenia	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
South Africa	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
South Africa	TIEA	TIEA BM ZA	Sept. 6, 2011	Feb. 8, 2012	On Request
South Korea	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
South Korea	TIEA	TIEA BM KR	Jan. 24, 2012	Feb. 13, 2015	On Request
Spain	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Sweden	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
Sweden	TIEA	TIEA BM SE	April 16, 2009	Dec. 25, 2009	On Request
Switzerland	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2018	Automatic
Turkey	TIEA	TIEA BM TR	Jan. 23, 2012	No	On Request
Turks and Caicos Islands	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
United Kingdom	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic
United Kingdom	TIEA	TIEA BM GB	Dec. 5, 2007	Dec. 9, 2008	On Request
United States of America	FATCA	FATCA US BM		June 30, 2014	Automatic
	TIEA	TIEA BM US	Dec. 2, 1988	Dec. 2, 1988	On Request
	DTC	DTC BM US	July 11, 1986	Dec. 2, 1988	Uncertain
Virgin Islands (British)	Multilateral	MCAA	Oct. 29, 2014	Sept. 1, 2017	Automatic

These are the countries that haven't signed any EOI treaties with Bermuda yet.
	Jurisdiction	Secrecy score
	Vanuatu	87
	Brunei	83
	Liberia	83
	Bahamas	79
	Lebanon	79
	Nauru	79
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	78
	United Arab Emirates	77
	Dominica	76
	Guatemala	76
	Maldives	76
	Paraguay	75
	Gambia	73
	Tanzania	73
	Bolivia	72
	Hong Kong	72
	Panama	72
	Botswana	71
	Uruguay	71
	Macao	70
	Taiwan	67
	Macedonia	66
	Dominican Republic	65
	Venezuela	64
	Philippines	63
	Saudi Arabia	61
	Montenegro	60
	Russia	54
	Israel	53
	Afghanistan	0
	Algeria	0
	Angola	0
	Armenia	0
	Azerbaijan	0
	Bangladesh	0
	Belarus	0
	Benin	0
	Bhutan	0
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
	Burkina Faso	0
	Burundi	0
	Cabo Verde	0
	Cambodia	0
	Cameroon	0
	Central African Republic	0
	Chad	0
	Comoros	0
	Congo	0
	Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)	0
	Cuba	0
	Côte d'Ivoire	0
	Djibouti	0
	Ecuador	0
	Egypt	0
	El Salvador	0
	Equatorial Guinea	0
	Ethiopia	0
	Falkland Islands [Malvinas]	0
	Fiji	0
	Gabon	0
	Georgia	0
	Guinea	0
	Guinea-Bissau	0
	Guyana	0
	Haiti	0
	Holy See	0
	Honduras	0
	Iran	0
	Iraq	0
	Jamaica	0
	Jordan	0
	Kazakhstan	0
	Kenya	0
	Kiribati	0
	Kuwait	0
	Kyrgyzstan	0
	Lesotho	0
	Libya	0
	Madagascar	0
	Malawi	0
	Mali	0
	Mauritania	0
	Moldova	0
	Mongolia	0
	Morocco	0
	Mozambique	0
	Myanmar	0
	Namibia	0
	Nepal	0
	Nicaragua	0
	Niger	0
	Nigeria	0
	Oman	0
	Pakistan	0
	Palestine, State of	0
	Papua New Guinea	0
	Peru	0
	Rwanda	0
	Réunion	0
	Sao Tome and Principe	0
	Senegal	0
	Serbia	0
	Sierra Leone	0
	Solomon Islands	0
	Sri Lanka	0
	Sudan	0
	Suriname	0
	Swaziland	0
	Syria	0
	Tajikistan	0
	Thailand	0
	Timor-Leste	0
	Togo	0
	Trinidad and Tobago	0
	Tunisia	0
	Turkmenistan	0
	Tuvalu	0
	Uganda	0
	Ukraine	0
	Uzbekistan	0
	Vietnam	0
	Yemen	0
	Zambia	0
	Zimbabwe	0